A rare “flesh-eating bacteria” that kills people within 48 hours is spreading through Japan at an alarming rate, with approximately 1 in 3 of those infected experiencing death.
Cases of a dangerous and highly fatal bacterial infection have reached record levels in the Asian islan country of Japan.
Official figures show unprecedented increases in cases, with experts so far unable to pinpoint the reason for the rise.
As of June 2024, Japan’s Health Ministry had recorded over 1000 cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).
The contagious and deadly virus has a mortality rate of up to 30% making it one of the deadliest diseases on the earth.
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So far nearly 80 people have experienced death from the infection between January and March, according to the latest figures available from the Japanese government.
This year’s ongoing outbreak in Japan has already surpassed last year’s previous record of 941 preliminary infections.
While last year saw the highest number of cases since statistics began tracking this information back in 1999.
Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases reported 97 deaths due to STSS last year, the second-highest number of fatalities in the past six years.
Although STSS is a rare is is very serious bacterial infection that can develop when the bacteria spreads into deep tissues and the bloodstream.
Patients will initially experience fever, suffer muscle pain, and excessive heaving or vomiting as the body attempts to defend itself.
However symptoms can quickly turn to real danger as low blood pressure, swelling, and multiple organ failure, can put the body into shock becoming life threatening.
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“Even with treatment, STSS can be deadly. Out of 10 people with STSS, as many as three people will die from the infection,” according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Most STSS cases are caused by the group A streptococcus (GAS) bacteria, which mainly produces fever and throat infections in children.
In rare circumstances, strep A can become invasive when bacterium produces a toxin that enables it to gain access to the bloodstream, causing serious illnesses such as toxic shock.
Strep A also causes “flesh-eating” necrotizing fasciitis, which can lead to loss of limbs.
However, patients who contract STSS that have other health factors may lower their body’s ability to fight the infection effectively.
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Patients with cancer, diabetes, or other infections according to the CDC can create comorbidity when STSS is introduced into the system.
over the last few years Invasive group A strep infections was largely curbed by Covid-19 controls, such as masking and social distancing.
However after those measures were lifted many countries including Japan reported a rise in cases of STSS.
In December 2022, five European countries reported to the World Health Organization an increase in invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS), with children under 10 the most impacted.
The CDC said it was also investigating an apparent increase in invasive group A streptococcus cases at the time.
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In March of 2024, Japanese authorities had already saw a increased trend in cases and warned of a jump in future STSS cases.
Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases also released a risk assessment regarding STSS.
The report concluded that the number of STSS cases caused by iGAS “have increased since July 2023, especially among those under 50 years of age.”
The CDC says older people with an open wound are at increased risk of contracting STSS, including those who have recently had surgery.
“However, medical and research experts still don’t know how the bacteria gets into the body for nearly half of people who get STSS according to the CDC website.
The reason for this year’s rise in cases of STSS in Japan still remains uncertain, according to Japanese public broadcast services.
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Professor Ken Kikuchi, of Tokyo Women’s Medical University, told Japanese media that the rise could be attributed to people’s weakened immune systems following Covid.
However weakened immune systems from covid only last a short period during the infection, and once the body has recovered, the immune system becomes more robust.
Exposure and effects from the covid vaccination may leave the immune system vulnerable to allow other bacteria, viruses, and diseases into the body.
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