Tourists Taxed, Cruise Lines Litigate: Hawaii’s Climate Levy Meets Constitutional Fire

Constitutional Law | Climate Change Policies | Environment Introduction: Cruising to New Green Fees When Climate Funding Mechanisms Collide with Federal Navigability Protections In a groundbreaking move to bolster climate resilience, Hawaii enacted a “green fee” in May 2025—a sweeping tourism surcharge designed to fund adaptation projects such as shoreline restoration, wildfire