Global Implications of Iraq’s Lawsuit Against U.S. Energy Firms Over Kurdistan Oil Contracts

The Iraqi federal government’s recent lawsuit against U.S.-based energy companies HKN Energy and WesternZagros marks a pivotal moment in the intersection of constitutional law, sovereign resource governance, and international investment in one of the world’s most geopolitically sensitive regions. Valued at approximately $110 billion, the disputed contracts stem from agreements

Case Law Update: The Greenpeace v. Eni Climate Lawsuit

The Greenpeace v. Eni case is a pioneering climate litigation in Italy, initiated in May 2023 by Greenpeace Italy, ReCommon, and twelve Italian citizens. They allege that Eni, along with the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance and the development bank Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, has significantly contributed to climate